Summarization 5.2

Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material:

• Carbs used to provide energy
• A carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of sugar molecules
• Sugars contain a ratio of 1 carbon 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
• Carbon Skeletons have a ring shape
• Simple sugars are monosaccharides
• Sugar molecules particularly glucose are the main fuel supply for cellular work
• Disaccharides are double sugars(2 monosaccharides)
  Polysaccharides are long polymer chains made of simple sugars
• Excess sugar is stored with a polysaccharide called glycogen
• When the body needs energy it breaks down this glycogen for glucose
• The polysaccharide cellulose protect cells and stiffen plants preventing it from "flopping over"
• Cellulose is fiber, passes unchanged through your digestive system
• This keeps you healthy but is not a nutrient.
• Almost all carbohydrates are hydrophillic.

Concept Check:

1. Explain the differance between a Monosaccharide and a Disaccharide. Give an example of each. The differance between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide is that a monosaccharide has just 1 sugar unit while a disaccharide has 2. 1 monosaccharide is Glucose, a disaccharide is sucrose.
2. Compare and contrast starch, glycogen, and cellulose. All are polysaccharides, found in plants and have glucose monomers.
3. How do animals store excess glucose molecules? Animals store excess glucose molecules through starch